“游商丘古都城，读华夏文明史” 8集专题片汉英解说词 |
“三皇五帝”时期的商丘传奇
The Legend of Shangqiu in the Period of "Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors"
第一集
Episode 1
——“游商丘古都城 读华夏文明史”之史前篇
Prehistory: "A Visit to the Ancient Capital of Shangqiu, an Insight into the History of Chinese Civilization "
自从盘古开天地，三皇五帝到如今
"Since the dawn of heaven and earth, Three Sovereigns and Five emperors to the present."
在华夏文明史的宏大叙事中
In the grand narration of the history of Chinese civilization,
商丘古都城有幸见证了
the ancient capital city of Shangqiu was honored to witness
华夏文明开启的那个时代
the born of Chinese civilization，
并从此五千年文脉不断
which lasts for five thousand years.
大量的史料和考古证明
Numerous historical materials and archaeological evidence suggest
远古时期商丘就有人类居住
human beings have been living in Shangqiu since ancient times.
发明了人工取火的燧人氏
Suiren, the inventor of making fire artificially,
曾在商丘一带活动
had been living in Shangqiu.
“五帝”中的帝喾定都商丘
Diku, One of the Five Emperors, set Shangqiu the capital
奠定华夏根基
and laid the foundation of China.
而帝喾之子阏伯
And his son Ebo,
封于商 主火正
in charge of fires(the official of Huozheng) , was assigned to Shangqiu
被后人尊为“火神”
and respected as "the god of fire".
世代传颂
His achievements were eulogized from generation to generation.
让我们暂且绕开古城今生的厚重繁华
Let's leave aside the profound prosperity of the ancient city in the "present life"
走进五千年前的“往世”
and step into its "past life" of 5000 years ago.
感受商丘古都城
to appreciate Shangqiu in ancient times
远古时期的不老传奇
for its immortal legendary.
商丘古城西南3公里
3 kms southwest of Shangqiu,
有燧皇陵
there is the royal Mausoleum of Suiren
是"三皇"之首燧人氏的陵墓
which is mausoleum of Suiren, the head of Three Sovereigns.
燧皇陵高13.9米 整个墓冢占地15亩
It is 13.9 meters in height and the whole mausoleum occupies 15 acres.
环陵一周
Around this tomb,
雕刻有盘古开天
There are 18 reliefs: Pangu created heaven and earth,
无火悲音 钻木取火等18幅浮雕
the sad voice for no fire, drill wood to make fire and so on,
向世人展示了
showing
从燧人氏发明人工取火到现代火的运用
the fire evolution from the era of Suiren to nowadays.
燧人氏是有史料记载的
According to records,
人工取火的信史人物
Suiren was the first man to make fire.
《韩非子·五蠹》记载
As Han Feizi recorded:
上古之世 民食果蓏蚌蛤
"People ate different kinds of fruits, melons and calms in the ancient times.
腥臊恶臭 而伤害腹胃 民多疾病
But these things were so stink that they hurt people's stomach. So people had diseases.
有圣人作 钻燧取火 以化腥臊
Here came a saint who could make fire through drilling woods to remove the stench of the food.
而民说之 使王天下
People were pleased and made him the leader,
号之曰燧人氏
who was known as Suiren.
燧人氏发明钻木取火
Suiren discovered fire through drilling woods,
开创了华夏最早文化源头
which initiated the civilization
火文明
of fire.
柘城县城东10公里
10 kms east of the Zhecheng County ,
有炎帝朱襄氏陵
there is the mausoleum of Zhuxiang, Emperor Yan.
在历史传说中
In the historical legend,
炎帝农皇不仅遍尝百草
Emperor Yan not only tasted all kinds of herbs
是中原农业文明的开拓者
And pioneered the agricultural civilization in the Central Plains,
而且发明五弦乐器
but also invented five -string musical instruments,
开启了华夏礼乐文明的先河
which started the civilization of Chinese rites and music.
炎帝在位70年 死后葬于朱野
Yan was in sovereign for 70 years, and was buried in Zhuye after death.
也就是今天的柘城大仵朱堌寺
That is today's Zhugu temple in Dawu, Zhecheng.
商丘古城南23公里
23 kms south of the ancient city of Shangqiu,
有帝喾陵和以帝喾高辛氏命名的集镇
there is the mausoleum of Emperor Diku and a town named after Diku from the Gaoxin family:
高辛镇
Gaoxin Town.
帝喾是上古"五帝"中的第三位帝王
Diku is the third one among the Five Emperors,
黄帝的曾孙
who was the great grandson of the Yellow Emperor.
帝喾前承炎黄后启尧舜
Diku inherited the cause of Yan and Huang, and opened up the way for Emperor Yao and Shun,
奠定华夏根基
laying the foundation of Huaxia nation.
据《帝王纪》帝喾
According to Records of Emperor, Diku
年十五而佐颛顼 三十登位 都亳
"assisted Zhuan Xu at the age of 15, ascended the throne at the age of 30, and made Bo the capital."
亳就是今天的商丘
Bo is present Shangqiu.
帝喾在位七十年
Diku had been on the throne for 70 years,
天下大治
when there was a great order of the country,
人民安居乐业
and people lived and worked in peace and contentment,
成就一代明君
for which he was honored as a wise emperor.
帝喾陵北约5公里有降隆堌堆遗址
About 5 kms north of Diku mausoleum, there is the site of Jianglong mound.
相传
According to legend,
这里是帝喾分封给其子尧的居住地
this is the fief where Diku assigned to his son, Yao.
商丘古城西南3公里有阏伯台
3 kms southwest of the ancient city of Shangqiu, there is Ebo Terrace.
阏伯 又名契
Ebo, also known as Xie,
帝喾的儿子
was son of Diku,
帝尧的异母弟弟
brother of Yao.
《诗经》曰
It is said in The Book of Songs :
天命玄鸟 降而生商
"Heaven commissioned the swallow, to descend and give birth to Shang."
帝喾次妃简狄
Jiandi, the second concubine of Diku,
吞鸟卵而生契
swallowed birds' eggs and gave birth to Xie,
即商族的始祖――阏伯
which was the ancestor of the Shang clan-Ebo.
阏伯辅佐大禹治水有功
Ebo had rendered meritorious service in assisting Yu in taming water.
封于商 主火正
He was assigned in Shang and took charge of fire affairs known as Huozheng.
火正是负责管理天下火种的官员
Huozheng was the official in charge of fires.
火正还有一个重要的职责
Huozheng had an important duty,
就是观测天象 授天下百姓以农时
which was to observe astronomical phenomena, telling people the farming season.
阏伯台是阏伯观测大火星运行规律
Ebo Terrace was an observatory where Ebo observed the laws of the movement of Antares
制定历法的天文台
and made calendar.
也是中国最早的天文台之一
It was one of the earliest observatories in China as well.
阏伯制定了"殷历"
The "Yin Calendar" was made by Ebo
不仅用来标记时日
to mark not only the time
更用来指导农业生产
but also to guide agricultural production.
所以人们称大火星为"商星"
Therefore, people call Antares "Shang Star"
称阏伯台为火神台或火星台
and Ebo Terrace "God of Fire Terrace" or "Antares Terrace".
“五帝”之中
Among the "Five Emperors",
帝喾 帝尧之外的其他“三帝”
besides Diku and Yao, the other "Three Emperors"
都与商丘有密切关系
were all closely related to Shangqiu.
黄帝部落
The Emperor Huang tribe
向西迁徙和由西东归的过程中
during their westward migration and returning from west to east,
多次驻足商丘
stationed at Shangqiu many times.
虞城西北18公里
8 kms northwest of Yucheng
黄河故道南岸的古王集乡仓颉小学
and south of the old course of Yellow River, in Cang Jie Primary School in Guwangji Township,
有一座高大的坟墓
there is a great tomb.
中华文字祖 黄帝史官仓颉
Cang Jie, the creator of Chinese characters and official historian of Emperor Huang,
枕着黄河的涛声 长眠在这里
was buried here with the crashing waves of the Yellow River.
史料记载
According to historical records,
颛顼“始自穷桑而徙邑商丘”
Zhuan Xu "migrated from Qiongsang to Shangqiu".
舜帝的儿子商均
Shang Jun, son of Shun,
生于商丘 封于商丘
was born and assigned to Shangqiu.
虞城县利民镇有商均墓风景区
Shang Jun Mausoleum scenic spot lies in Limin, Yucheng.
舜帝在其衰老的时候
When Shun was aged,
并没有让自己的儿子商均继位
he didn't let his son, Shangjun take the throne.
而是传位给了因治理洪水有功
Instead, he handed the sovereign to Yu, who was meritorious in water taming
深受人民爱戴的禹
and deeply loved by people.
商丘古城东北50公里
50 kms northeast of Shangqiu ,
有浮龙湖景区
there is Fulong Lake scenic spot.
这里至今还有大禹治水
Until now,
洪水退去而形成的大泽遗址
there still reserves the swamp ruin formed after the flood was controlled by Da Yu :
孟渚泽
Mengzhu Swamp
商丘古城南八关斋风景区
In the South of Shangqiu Ancient Town of Baguan Zhai scenic spot,
有禹王锁蛟井
there is a well where Yu locked the flood dragon.
相传 大禹治水时
It is said that when Yu controlled the flood,
制服了兴风作浪的九条恶龙
he had defeated nine evil flood dragons
其中一条就禁锢在这里
and locked one of them here.
翻阅商丘的历史画卷
Browsing scrolls of history
踏寻商丘的文明足迹
finding footprints of its civilization,
商丘历史的辉煌
we are amazed at how glorious the history
文化的灿烂令人赞叹
and splendid the culture Shangqiu has.
华夏民族的史前先祖
Prehistoric ancestors of Chinese people
在这里留下了追求文明
left the footprints for pursuing civilization
泽被后世的足迹
and blessing the descendants.
火文化代代相传并不断完善
Fire civilization has been handed down and developed from generation to generation;
华夏历史由此拉开序幕
the glorious history of China was born in Shangqiu.
“游商丘古都城，读华夏文明史” 8集专题片汉英解说词 |
千年商族史炼成的“殷商之源”
Shang’s Millennial Civilization Accumulates to the “Roots of Yin-Shang Culture”
第二集
Episode 2
——“游商丘古都城、读华夏文明史”之夏商篇
“A Visit to the Ancient Capital of Shangqiu, an Insight into the History of Chinese Civilization”: Shangqiu in the Xia and Shang Dynasties
我们现在看到的商丘古城
Shangqiu Ancient City is
是明清归德古城
a relic of Guide city in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
考古发现 其地下
Archaeologists discovered that
还叠压沉睡着至少六座古都城
there are six more ancient cities piling up underground.
深埋地下最古老的那座城
The most ancient one is Bo City,
就是商族立国的亳都
the original capital city of the Shang Tribe.
尽管亳都不再 但是
The Bo City vanished, but
阏伯台 华商广场 汤王台
Ebo Observatory, Huashang Square, King Tang Temple,
伊尹墓 枣冢庙 微子祠
Yi Yin’s Tomb, Zaozhong Temple, Weizi Memorial Temple,
以及诸多先商文化遗迹
and numerous cultural relics of Shang
仍可以带领我们去感受那
can take us back to
彪炳史册的“大邑商”的气派
the glorious past of the “Great Shang City”.
约公元前2070年 禹建立夏朝
In about 2070 B.C., King Yu established the Xia Dynasty.
而由阏伯开启的商国作为属国
The State of Shang founded by Ebo is a vassal state of Xia
一直伴随着夏朝的历史演进
It developed during the Xia Dynasty,
并最终灭夏建商
and finally vanquished Xia and started the Shang Dynasty.
阏伯之后
After Ebo,
其子昭明继任火正和商部落首领
His son Zhaoming became the chief of the Shang Tribe.
后经昭明之子相土的努力
Later, with the endeavour of Zhaoming’s son Xiangtu,
商部落的疆域
Shang’s territory gradually expanded
逐步拓展到黄河下游的黄海之滨
along the downstream of the Yellow River to the margin of the Yellow Sea.
在商王传承过程中
Kings of Shang had relocated their capital eight times
为躲避黄河洪水曾进行过八次迁都
to survive in the Yellow River’s periodical floods,
但总是围绕商丘 不忘祖地
but all around Shangqiu, their ancestral land.
考古发现
Archaeologists found
商丘境内的数十处古文化遗址
dozens of historic sites in Shangqiu,
几乎都有商文化的堆积
most of which are relics of Shang culture.
睢阳区半塔遗址
In the historic sites of Banta in Suiyang District
柘城孟庄商代遗址等
and Mengzhuang in Zhecheng County,
发现了大量商代窑址 夯土基址
Archaeologists have discovered kiln sites, rammed earth foundation,
兽骨化石等文化遗迹
animal bone fossils and numerous other relics of Shang.
柘城山台寺遗址还发现了
In the historic site of Shantai Temple in Zhecheng County,
埋有九个整牛和一个鹿头的祭祀坑
a sacrificial pit of nine cows and a deer head was found.
这些文化遗址说明
All these historic sites reveal that,
商族人曾在以商丘为中心的土地上
around Shangqiu, the Shang Tribe
创造了灿烂辉煌的古代文明
had created a splendid and glorious civilization.
商族文明 很重要的一项是商业文明
Commercial culture is a key component of the Shang culture.
这尊高达9.9米的铜像
This 9.9 meters high bronze statue
就是华商始祖王亥的塑像
is of Wanghai, the originator of Chinese commerce.
王亥是玄冥的儿子
Wanghai is Xuanming’s son
阏伯的六世孙
and Ebo’s sixth generation descendant.
因帮助父亲治水有功
Because he successfully prevented floods with his father,
备受商族人爱戴
he was favored and respected by Shang people.
王亥继位商王后
After he became King of Shang,
驯服了载重能力比马更强的牛
Wanghai tamed bullocks which outperformed horses in load capacity,
并发明了牛车
and invented bullock cart.
与古希腊人
When the ancient Greeks
驾着小船在地中海冒险同时
sailed and adventured on the Mediterranean,
王亥率领商族人用牛车拉着货物
Wanghai led Shang people to take goods on bullock cart
到其他部落进行以物易物交易
to other tribes, and exchange goods with them,
开创了中国商业贸易的先河
which originated commercial trade in China.
因从事物品交易的是商族人
Because they were from the Shang Tribe,
其他部落的人称他们为“商人”
they were called "Shang-ren" (businessman),
称他们交易的物品为“商品”
and their goods were called "Shang-pin" (commodity).
商业的发达带来了文化的繁荣
Commercial prosperity was accompanied with flourishing of culture.
商朝是中国历史上
The Shang Dynasty becomes
第一个有同时期文字记载的王朝
the first recorded Chinese dynasty.
在商朝甲骨卜辞中
In Shang’s oracle-bone inscriptions,
王亥被称为高祖亥
Wanghai was called “Hai the Forefather”.
2006年以来
Since 2006,
商丘连续举办两年一度的国际华商节
Shangqiu has held International Chinese Entrepreneurs Festival biennially,
世界华商云集商祖王亥像下
when Chinese entrepreneurs all over the world gathered at the Statue of Wanghai
拜谒始祖 追思商德
to worship the originator of Chinese commerce, reflect on commercial virtues,
共襄中华商业发展盛举
and plan greater development of Chinese commerce together.
商丘古城南25公里睢阳区
25 kilometers south of Shangqiu Ancient City,
坞墙镇南亳村 有汤王台
there is King Tang Temple in Nanbo Village, Wuqiang Town, Suiyang District.
王亥死后
After Wanghai’s death,
商王传续六位王至成汤 即商汤
Chengtang became the sixth King of Shang, also known as Shangtang.
《史记》载
According to Sima Qian’s records,
“自契至汤八迁，汤始居亳。”
“Shang relocated their capital eight times from Xie to Chengtang until the latter founded Bo.”
亳不仅是成汤回迁后的都邑
Bo was not only Shang’s capital,
也是成汤灭夏后的都城
but also China’s capital after Chengtang overthrew Xia.
汤王台大殿供奉的是成汤塑像
The statue of Chengtang is worshiped in the main hall of King Tang Temple,
左右两侧
and on both sides
分列辅佐商汤的两位丞相
are the statues of his two prime ministers,
仲虺和伊尹
Zhonghui and Yi Yin.
成汤用人唯才是举
Chengtang appointed officials for their talent.
仲虺是贵族身份
Zhonghui was of noble origin
被任命为左相
and was appointed Left Prime Minister,
右相则是奴隶出身
while the Right Prime Minister was a former salve,
被称为“中国第一贤相”的伊尹
Yi Yin, honored as “the most virtuous Chinese Prime Minister”.
商丘古城东南25公里
25 kilometers southeast of Shangqiu Ancient City,
虞城县店集乡有伊尹墓
there is Yi Yin’s Tomb in Dianji Town, Yucheng County.
史料记载
According to historical documents,
成汤为了得到伊尹的辅佐
to gain Yi Yin’s assistance,
亲自驾车到有莘国礼聘伊尹
Chengtang drove a cart in person to the Youzi State to recruit him.
在伊尹、仲虺的辅佐下
With the assistance of Yi Yin and Zhonghui,
约公元前1600年
in about 1600 B.C.
成汤灭夏 建立商朝
Chengtang vanquished Xia and established the Shang Dynasty.
商朝从汤开始 到纣灭亡
From King Tang to King Zhou,
前后相传17世31王
the Shang Dynasty was ruled by 31 kings of 17 generations
延续长达500多年
and lasted for more than 500 years.
其间都城多次迁徙
Its capital had been relocated repeatedly
最终由盘庚定都于殷
before Pangeng founded the capital in Yin.
商丘古城西南23公里
23 kilometers southwest of Shangqiu Ancient City,
睢阳区勒马乡有枣冢庙
there is Zaozhong Temple in Leima Town, Suiyang District.
史料记载
According to historical documents,
商朝大将黄飞虎
Huang Feihu, a senior general of Shang,
目睹商纣王荒淫无道
witnessed the debauchery and cruelty of King Zhou,
毅然投奔周武王姬发
and determinedly decided to assist Ji Fa, King Wu of Zhou.
黄飞虎率军在遍植枣树
Nearby the present Zaozhong Temple covered by date trees
丘壑纵横的枣冢庙附近
and gullies then,
与商朝军队展开了一场大战
Huang Feihu started a great battle with the Shang Army
并大获全胜
and won.
枣冢庙
The Zaozhong Temple
即后人为纪念黄飞虎
is built to commemorate Huang Feihu
在战场原址修建的庙宇
on the site of the battle.
公元前1046年
In 1046 B.C.,
周武王灭商
King Wu of Zhou vanquished Shang,
封纣王的儿子武庚于殷
and distributed Yin to Wugeng, son of King Zhou of Shang.
武庚叛乱 被周公旦杀死
Wugeng rebelled later and was killed by Dan, the Duke of Zhou.
成王封纣王的庶兄微子
King Cheng of Zhou enfeoffed Weizi, brother of King Zhou,
于商族的发祥地商丘
with Shangqiu where the Shang Tribe prospered,
建立宋国
and Weizi established the State of Song.
商族从“玄鸟生商”崛起
The Shang Tribe emerged when the “Immortal bird gave birth to Shang”.
到“王亥经商”“成汤都商”
From Wanghai’s starting of commerce and Chengtang’s founding of Capital Shangqiu,
最后到微子封归故地
to Weizi’s return to ancestral land,
古老的商族人在商丘这片土地上
Around Shangqiu,
创造了夏商一千余年
for more than a thousand years in the Xia and Shang Dynasties,
灿烂辉煌的古代文明
the Shang people had created a splendid and glorious civilization.
商丘被誉为“殷商之源”
Shangqiu is thus honored as the “Roots of Yin-Shang culture”
彪炳史册
and enjoy a great reputation in Chinese history.
“游商丘古都城，读华夏文明史” 8集专题片汉英解说词 |
诞生“圣人文化圈”的古宋名都
The Famous Capital of Song State, the Cradle of “Sage Cultural Circle”
第三集
Episode 3
――“游商丘古都城、读华夏文明史” 之周代宋国篇
“A Visit to the Ancient Capital of Shangqiu, an Insight into the History of Chinese Civilization”
Song State in Zhou Dynasty
西周和春秋战国时期
In the West Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period
商丘主要为宋国
Shangqiu was under the rule of the Song State.
宋国古城是最后一个
The ancient city of Song is
被考古发掘到的
the last excavated
西周和东周时期大诸侯国古都城
State’s capital of the Zhou Dynasty.
让我们循着历史的遗迹
The historical trace here
去品读这一诞生过
can provide us with valuable insight into
儒 道 墨 名等中华元典文化的
this ancient capital fostering
古都城风采
Confucianism, Taoism, Moism, and School of Logicians.
商丘古城西南约12公里
12 kilometers southwest of Shangqiu ancient city
睢阳区 路河镇 青岗寺村
in Qinggangsi Village, Luhe Township, Suiyang District,
有微子祠
there is the Memorial Temple of Weizi.
微子 名启 系先商帝乙的长子
Weizi, named Qi, the first son of King Diyi of Shang
商纣王的同母庶兄
and the elder brother of King Zhou,
被孔子尊为“殷商三仁”之一
was honored by Confucius as one of “the three wise men of Yin”.
周成王元年
In the first year of his reign,
成王封微子于商族的发祥地商丘
King Cheng of Zhou enfeoffed the Weizi at Shangqiu, the birthplace of Shang people,
建立宋国
to establish the Song State.
微子仁爱贤良 深受殷商遗民爱戴
Weizi, kind and wise, was loved and respected by his people.
微子死后 葬于宋城
He was buried in the capital of Song after his death.
公元前286年
In 286 BC,
齐 楚 魏联手灭宋
after Song was exterminated by the States of Qi, Chu and Wei
族人以国为姓
the people of Song surnamed themselves Song
微子遂成为宋姓的始祖
and Weizi became their ancestor.
商丘古城西北12公里有三陵台
Twelve kilometers northwest of Shangqiu ancient city lie the Three Tombs
系西周宋国戴公 武公 宣公王陵
of Duke Dai, Duke Wu and Duke Xuan of Song,
也是戴 武 宣等姓氏宗亲的寻根圣地
the roots of the Dai clan, the Wu clan and the Xuan clan.
民权县林七乡有葵丘会盟台
At Kuiqiu in present Linqi Township, Minquan County,
宋襄公在此会盟各路诸侯
Duke Xiang of Song met other feudal lords and
遂成为春秋五霸之一
became one of the five hegemons in Spring and Autumn Period.
柘城县北约15公里
Fifteen kilometers north of Zhecheng County
有泓水之战古战场
was the battlefield of Hong River.
公元前638年
In 638 BC,
宋襄公在宋楚之战中
Duke Xiang of Song,
实行不切实际的“仁义”
due to his unpractical practice of “humanity and righteousness”
结果被楚军击败
was defeated by the troops of Chu.
宋国都城与国同名 亦名宋城
The capital of the Song State is also called Song city.
20世纪80年代
In the 1980s,
考古工作者在商丘古城西南
in the southwest of Shangqiu ancient city
发现了一座东周时期的古城遗址
a site of an ancient city was discovered
并确定为宋国故城
and proved to be the ancient city of Song by archaeologists.
遗址平面呈长方形
The site is a rectangle
总面积10.2平方公里
with an area of 10.2 square kilometers.
北纬34.5度线
The line of latitude 34.5 degrees north
被称为古代世界文明线
is called that of ancient world civilization.
作为“中华圣人文化圈”的
Shangqiu, as the origin of
核心和原点的商丘
the “Chinese sage cultural circle”,
则是这条文明线的东端和龙头
lies at the east point of the line.
儒家圣人孔子 先祖为宋国世卿
Confucius’ forefathers were of the Royal House of Song State,
采邑在栗邑（今商丘夏邑）
with their fiefdom at Liyi (the present Xiayi County of Shangqiu).
到了孔子曾祖时才避祸奔鲁
His great grandfather, to avoid persecution, moved to the Lu State.
孔子一生多次还乡
Confucius had returned to his hometown many times.
人们为纪念孔子祀先省墓
To commemorate his ancestral worship and tomb-sweeping,
在夏邑建造了“孔子还乡祠”
people built the Hall of Confucius' Hometown-returning at Xiayi.
商丘古城东南有文雅台
In the southeast of Shangqiu ancient city lies the Refined Stage
系孔子在宋国讲学旧址
where Confucius gave lectures.
鲁哀公三年
In 492 BC,
孔子适宋与群弟子习礼大树下
Confucius went to Song and practiced rites with his disciples under a big tree.
宋司马 桓魋欲杀孔子
A military officer, Huan Tui, wanted to kill Confucius
拔其树
and uprooted the big tree.
故有“过宋伐檀”之说
So is what the story goes.
永城市芒山镇夫子山南麓
At the foot of Fuzi Hills in Mangshan Township, Yongcheng County,
有夫子崖 晒书台
there is Fuzi Cliff and Book-sunning Stone.
孔子周游列国时
At his visit to many states, Confucius and
途径芒砀 天降大雨
his disciples took shelter from a heavy rain at
孔子师徒曾在此避雨 晒书
Mangdang and dried his books in the sunlight.
商丘古城有文庙
There is a Confucius Temple in Shangqiu ancient city,
是河南现存规模最大的文庙
which is the largest Confucius Temple in Henan Province,
孔子返乡时
When Confucius returned to his hometown
曾在宋国故城讲学
he had lectured in the capital of Song.
后人为纪念孔子
To commemorate Confucius
在此修建了文庙
the Confucius Temple was built.
道家创始人老子
Laozi, the founder of Taoism,
乃宋国司马老佐之子
the son of a war minister of Song,
生于陈国苦县曲仁里（今周口鹿邑）
was born in Qurenli, Ku County, Chen State (the present Luyi County, Zhoukou).
鹿邑距商丘古城65公里
Luyi, 65 kilometers away from Shangqiu ancient city,
今虽隶属周口
is a county in Zhoukou now,
但明清至20世纪60年代则归属商丘
but it was part of Shangqiu from the Ming and Qing Dynasties to 1960s.
鹿邑县城有太清宫
Palace of Great Clarity in Luyi County,
是老子的诞生地
is Laozi’s birthplace.
东汉延熹八年创建
It was first built in 165,
始名老子庙
and was called Laozi Temple at first.
唐高祖李渊追认老子为始祖
Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of Tang, claimed descent from Laozi
以老子庙为太庙
and appointed Laozi Temple the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
唐开元十三年
In 742 in the Tang Dynasty,
玄宗李隆基改庙名为太清宫
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang changed it into Palace of Great Clarity.
鹿邑县城内有明道宫
Palace of Elucidating Tao in Luyi County,
兴盛于唐宋
prospering in Tang and Song, is a
系老子传道讲学的纪念性建筑群
compound built to commemorate Laozi’s lecturing.
商丘古城东北50公里浮龙湖景区
59 kilometers northeast of Shangqiu ancient city, in Fulong Lake scenic spot,
有老君庙
there is Lord Lao Temple.
相传 老子在这里隐居十年
Legend has it that Laozi had lived here in seclusion for ten years,
悟出“上善若水”的人生哲理
and realized the truth that “the highest excellence is like water”.
庄子名周 道家学说的主要创始人
Zhuagnzi, with a given name of Zhou, is a main founder of Taoism.
与道家始祖老子并称为“老庄”
He and Laozi, the originator of Taoism, are called “Lao-Zhuang”.
《史记》载
The Scribe’s Records recorded that
庄子，蒙人也
Zhuangzi was a native of Meng.
梁园区李庄乡蒙墙寺村
In Mengqiangsi Village, Lizhuang Township, Liangyuan District
有古蒙城遗址
there are ruins of the ancient Meng.
大量史料和考古证明
Historical data and archaeological finds proved that
周代蒙邑 西汉蒙县故城
Mengyi in the Zhou Dynasty and the ancient city of Meng county in the West Han Dynasty
就在蒙墙寺 系庄子故里
is in Mengqiangsi, the birthplace of Zhuangzi.
庄子死后 葬在了民权
Zhuangzi was buried in Mingquan County after his death.
民权县老颜集乡有庄周墓
Zhuang Zhou’s tomb is in Laoyanji Township of Minquan County,
庄子镇青莲寺村有庄子井
and there is a Zhuangzi well in Qingliansi Village, Zhuangzi Town.
庄周墓 庄子井 庄子像 庄子文化馆
Zhuang Zhou’s Tomb, Zhuangzi Well, Zhuangzi statue, and Zhuangzi Cultural Center
道不尽后人
show people’s boundless
对这位文哲大师的无限敬仰
respect for this literary and philosophical master.
墨子 名翟 宋国人
Mozi, with a given name of Di, a native of Song
墨家学派的创始人
is the founder of Moism.
墨子主张“兼爱”“非攻”
Master Mo advocated “universal love”, “condemnation of aggressive war”,
提出“尚贤”“尚同”的政治思想
“identification with the superior”, and “exaltation of the virtuous”.
墨家学说在当时影响很大
As an influential school then, Moism, together with Confucianism,
与儒家并称为“显学”
is called “Eminent School of Learning”.
惠子 名施 战国中期宋国人
Huizi, with a given name of Shi, was a native of Song in the Warring States Period.
名家学派的开山鼻祖和主要代表
As the founder and main representative of the School of Logicians, Master Hui,
与公孙龙共同将名辩学说推向顶峰
together with Gongsun Long, pushed the theory to the acme of perfection.
春秋战国时代
The Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period
是中国第一个文化
saw the first full growth of Chinese culture
思想大发展的黄金时代
and thought in Chinese history.
在血与火的战争中
In the warring period of blood and fire,
诸子百家以宋国故城为中心
At the Song city, hundred of philosophers made
碰撞驳议 由此诞生了
argumentation with and communication between each other and gave birth to
儒 道 墨 名等中华元典文化
Confucianism, Taoism, and School of Logicians,
在中国文化思想史上
and adding the most illustrious chapter
写下了最耀眼 最华彩的乐章
to the history of Chinese culture and thought.
“游商丘古都城，读华夏文明史” 8集专题片汉英解说词 |
“三百里梁园”展示的汉梁画卷
Han-Liang Period Displayed in Grand Liangyuan
第四集
Episode 4
――“游商丘古都城、读华夏文明史”之秦汉篇
“A Visit to the Ancient Capital of Shangqiu, an Insight into the History of Chinese Civilization”: The Story of Qin and Han Dynasties
秦汉时期
During the Qin and Han dynasties,
商丘睢阳隶属砀郡
Suiyang belonged to Dang County，
后为梁国都城
later it became the capital of Liang Kingdom.
古都睢阳
Suiyang, this ancient city
一度成为义军抗秦
once became the frontier of the fighting between the uprising army against Qin,
楚汉相争的前沿
and the war between Chu and Han.
梁孝王刘武时期
During the reign of Prince Xiao of the Liang (Liu Wu),
“筑东苑，方三百里”
“the grand East Garden (Liangyuan) was built, covering an area of 300 Li”.
文人名士趋之若鹜
It attracted many renowned literati and celebrities,
一时名动天下
became famous around the world,
成就“三百里梁园”的文化盛景
and made a splendid cultural scene of Grand Liangyuan.
让我们进入秦汉
Let us travel back to Qin and Han,
去感受“三百里梁园”
to feel the magnificent and grand Liangyuan,
气势恢宏 风云跌宕的汉梁历史画卷
as well as the turbulent history of that period.
永城芒砀山主峰西南麓有陈胜墓
In the Southwest of Mount Mangdang, there lies the tomb of Chen Sheng.
秦末暴政 陈胜睹秦乱
At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Chen Sheng witnessed the tyrany and chaos,
首兵伐秦 费终厥谋 死葬于砀
he led the first peasant uprising to attack Qin, later he died and was buried in Dang County.
陈胜起事后不久
Shortly after Chen Sheng’s uprising,
刘邦以豪放的王霸之气兴师芒砀
Liu Bang led another uprising against Qin at Mount Mangdang.
斩蛇起义
Legend said he bravely killed a large snake.
公元前206年
In 206 B.C.,
刘邦进驻霸上 子婴投降
Liu Bang’s troops marched into Bashang, and the emperor Ziying surrended,
秦朝灭亡
the Qin Dynasty collapsed.
永城芒砀山主峰南麓
At the south foothill of Mount Mangdang,
有汉高祖刘邦斩蛇碑
there is a monument showing Liu Bang’s killing of a large snake.
这座复制明朝的石碑
It is the reproduction of a monument of Ming Dynasty.
夜间灯光照射
When illuminated at night,
显现出刘邦高大威猛的身影
it shows Liu Bang’s tall and mighty figure,
堪称天下奇观
which is a wonder of the world.
公元前202年
In 202 B.C.,
刘邦称帝 建立西汉王朝
Liu Bang established the Western Han Dynasty and became the emperor.
睢阳故城由此开启新一轮的辉煌
Suiyang thus opened a new chapter of glory.
刘武封任梁王后
After Liu Wu was appointed Prince of Liang,
曾大规模扩建睢阳城
he expanded the city of Suiyang.
史料记载
According to historical records,
城方三十七里 二十四门
the city covers an area of thirty-seven Li, it has twenty-four gates,
居九万户 是当时著名的大都会
and there are about 90,000 households. It was a famous metropolis at that time.
公元前154年
In 154 B.C.,
西汉发生“七国之乱”
the Rebellion of the Seven States in the Han dynasty took place.
刘武凭借坚固的睢阳城
With Suiyang as the solid defense,
拒吴 楚叛军于城外三个多月
Liu Wu kept the Wu and Chu rebels outside the city for more than three months,
成为西汉中央政权的东方屏障
and it became the eastern defense line.
“七国之乱”后
After the Rebellion,
刘武遂在梁国大兴土木
Liu Wu started large scale construction in the Kingdom of Liang.
以睢阳城为中心
Centered on Suiyang,
修建了三百里东苑 也叫菟园
Liu Wu built the East Garden，also called Yuan Garden,
后人称梁园
later it was called Liangyuan.
据《汉书》载
According to The Book of Han,
“梁孝王筑东苑，方三百余里”(3.13)
Prince Xiao of Liang Kingdom built the East Garden, it covers an area of 300 Li,
其间离宫 亭台 山水 奇花 异草
there are palaces, pavilions, man-made hills and ponds, rare flowers and weeds in it.
应有尽有
It is really marvellous.
梁园历来有“七台八景”之说
Liangyuan has long been famous for its “seven platforms(tai) and eight scenic spots.”
商丘古城北10公里有“朱台遗址”
The site of Zhutai is situated 10 kilometers north of Shangqiu.
朱台也叫赭霞台
Zhutai is also called Zhexiatai.
刘武登此台 赋诗云
Liu Wu once stepped on this platform and composed a poem:
“身在瑶池映赭霞，紫气东来照孤家”(3.38)
“the heavenly jade pool reflects the rosy clouds of eve, the east auspicious atmosphere showering on me”.
得名“赭霞台”
that’s why it is called the Zhexiatai (rosy clouds).
商丘古城东南有文雅台
In the southeast of Shangqiu, there is the platform of Wenya,
系孔子在宋国讲学旧址
it is where Confucius once taught.
刘武在此建亭台楼阁
Liu Wu built palaces and pavilions here,
邀司马相如 邹阳 枚乘等
invited celebrity literati such as Sima Xiangru, Zou Yang, and Mei Cheng
在此燕集倡和
to gather and compose poetry.
故有文雅之名
that’s why it is called the platform of elegance .
商丘古城西北12公里
12 kilometers northwest of Shangqiu,
有三陵台
three is Sanlingtai.
系西周宋国戴公 武公 宣公王陵
It is the burying ground of Duke Dai, Duke Wu and Duke Xuan of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
刘武在此大兴土木
Liu Wu built many buildings here,
遂成为中原一处文化胜景
and made it a cultural highlight in central China.
李白游三陵台 醉酒作《梁园吟》
Poet Li Bai once visited Sanlingtai and composed a poem entitled “Tribute to Liangyuan” after he got drunk:
“平台为客忧思多，对酒遂作梁园歌。”
“being a guest in Pingtai, worries arises from inside; after I got drunk, a poem was composed”.
商丘古城西北10公里有清泠台
10 kilometers northwest of Shangqiu, there lies Qingling platform,
也叫清凉台
it is also called Qingliang platform.
系梁孝王刘武之行宫
it was the Liu Wu’s temporary dwelling palace.
李白游清凉台
Poet Li Bai once toured Qingliangtai,
留下“一朝去京都，十载客梁园”的
leaving the famous poem, “I left the capital city, and spend ten years in Liangyuan”,
千古名句
it has been passed down to now.
北宋著名词人欧阳修在此避暑
Poet Ouyang Xiu once stayed here for the summer
作《渔家傲》
and composed a poem, Yujia’ao,
风兼露 梁王宫阙无烦暑
“with wind and dew, there is no intense heat in Liangyuan;
朝与暮 故人风快凉轻度
In dawn and dusk, my friends and I spend the pleasant time here”
商丘古城东10公里
10 kilometers east of Shangqiu,
有平台遗址
there situated the site of Pingtai.
平台遗址东侧
On the east side of Pingtai,
有一棵两千多年的银杏树
there is a ginkgo tree which is more than 2,000 years old,
默默见证了梁园的盛景繁华
and it has silently witnessed the prosperity of Liangyuan.
刘武的蠡台 雀台以及栖龙岫
But the eight scenic spots built by Liu Wu, the Litai, Quetai, Xilongxiu,
落猿岩 雁池 鹤洲 凫岛等梁园八景
Luoyuanyan, Yanchi, Hezhou, and fudao,
因黄河泛滥淤积
due to the Yellow River flooding,
现大都找不到踪迹
all have vanished.
刘武喜欢宴饮 赋诗
Liu Wu likes feasting and poetry.
在梁孝王周围聚集了枚乘 司马相如
Around him, there were scholars and celebrities such as Mei Cheng, Sima Xiangru,
邹阳 严忌 羊胜 公孙诡等文人名士
Zou Yang, Yan Ji, Yang Sheng, and Gongsun Gui.
“梁客皆善辞赋，乘尤高。”
“The people of Liang Kingdom are all good at poetry, among them, Mei Cheng is the best.”
枚乘在梁园曾作《梁王菟园赋》
Mei Cheng once composed a poem “Tribute to Yuanyuan”,
菟园即梁园
Yuanyuan refers to Liangyuan.
南北朝时期江淹作《学梁王菟园赋》
Poet Jiang Yan composed “Imitating the Tribute to Yuanyuan”,
明确指是在学枚乘
which clearly refers to his imitation of Mei Cheng.
司马相如客居梁园多年 留下
Sima Xiangru has lived in Liangyuan for many years,
“梁园虽好，非久恋之家”等经典感（少“慨”字）
leaving classic words such as “though Liangyuan is wonderful, but it is not a long-term place to wander”.
刘武死后 葬于芒砀
After Liu Wu died, he was buried in Mount Mangdang.
永城芒砀山汉梁王陵墓群
The tomb group of Liu Wu in Mount Mangdang
是迄今为止发现的时代最早
is the earliest and largest stone tombs
规模最大的石崖汉墓群
discovered to date.
梁孝王墓与王后墓
The tomb of Prince Xiao and the tomb of the queen
南北并列相距200米
are 200 meters apart from north to south.
梁孝王王后墓纵深210米
The tomb of the queen is 210 meters deep
总容积6500立方米
with a total volume of 6,500 cubic meters,
是明万历皇帝定陵的两倍多
which is twice the volume of Emperor Wanli’s tomb of the Ming Dynasty
被考古界称为“天下石室第一陵”
it is regarded as “the No. 1 stone tomb in the world” by archaeologists.
僖山汉墓出土的金缕玉衣
The jade clothes unearthed from the tomb of Xishan
历经两千余年仍熠熠生辉
are still shining after more than two thousand years.
柿园汉墓壁画
The murals of the Han Dynasty tomb in Shiyuan Garden
以青龙 白虎 朱雀 玄武四神为主题
are based on the themes of the azure dragon, white tiger, vermilion sparrow, and the black tortoise,
四周衬托缭绕的云气和绶带
they are surrounded by clouds and belts.
画艺精绝 气势磅礴
The painting is delicate and magnificent.
被称为“敦煌前的敦煌”
and it is called “the Dunhuang before the discovery of Dunhuang.”
汉梁时期
The Han-Liang period
是中国文学史上一段辉煌的时期
was a glorious period in the history of Chinese literature.
“三百里梁园”的文化盛景
The cultural scene of Liangyuan
在中国古典文学殿堂上
is dazzling
闪烁着耀眼的光芒
in the palace of Chinese classical literature.
梁园因此也成为文人骚客的抒情地
As a result, Liangyuan has become a lyrical place for literati,
李白 杜甫 高适等都曾游梁园
the great poets like Li Bai, Du Fu, Gao Shi, all have visited Liangyuan
赏盛景 赋诗词
to enjoy the magnificent scenery and compose poems,
留下一段段文学佳话
and left many much-told anecdotes.
“游商丘古都城，读华夏文明史” 8集专题片汉英解说词 |
睢阳古城见证的繁华与悲壮
Prosperity and Tragedy Witnessed by Suiyang the Ancient City
第五集
Episode 5
――“游商丘古都城、读华夏文明史”之隋唐篇
“A Visit to the Ancient Capital of Shangqiu, an Insight into the History of Chinese Civilization”
in the Sui and Tang Dynasties
隋唐时期 商丘称为宋州
In the Sui and Tang dynasties, Shangqiu was called Songzhou,
后改称睢阳郡 郡治睢阳
then renamed Suiyang County, which governed Suiyang.
睢阳城
Suiyang
是隋唐大运河中段的一座
in the middle of the Grand Canal
经济 文化 军事重镇
is an important economic, cultural and military town in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
既经历了大运河带来的繁华与荣耀
It not only experienced the prosperity and glory brought by the Grand Canal,
也经历了睢阳之战的铁血与悲壮
but also experienced the blood and tragedy brought the battle of Suiyang.
让我们走进隋唐
Let’s go into Sui and Tang Dynasties
去感受睢阳城血染的风采
to feel the blood-stained style of Suiyang city.
公元604年
In 604 A.D.,
杨广弑父登基
Yang Guang killed his father and ascended the throne.
这就是毁誉参半的隋炀帝
This is Emperor yang with mixed reputation.
然而 由其开凿的以洛阳为中心
However, with Luoyang as the center,
北起涿郡（北京），南至余杭（杭州）
From Zhuojun (Beijing) in the north to Yuhang (Hangzhou) in the South，
全长2700公里的大运河
the 2700km-long Grand Canal
却开启了唐朝盛世之门
opened the door of the prosperous age of the Tang Dynasty.
商丘古城南2.5公里
2.5 kilometers south of the ancient city of Shangqiu,
有宋州码头遗址
locates the site of Songzhou Pier.
睢阳城位于大运河的中途
Located in the middle of the Grand Canal,
是通济渠的“咽喉”要道
Suiyang City is the main "throat" of Tongji Canal
“管控江淮”的门户
and the gateway to Jianghuai.
大运河的开通
The Grand Canal
揭开了睢阳城大发展 大繁荣的序幕
revealed the great development and prosperity of Suiyang City.
杜甫晚年有《遣怀》诗
Du Fu had a poem in his later years,
回忆游睢阳城所见
recalling what he saw in Suiyang City:
邑中九万家 高栋照通衢
“90,000 houses in the city, the tall buildings shine thoroughfare.
舟车半天下 主客多欢娱
The number of vehicles and ships accounts for half the world, and the hosts and guests are more entertaining.”
虞城县营廓镇 有木兰祠
In Yingguo Town, Yucheng County, there is the Mulan temple.
木兰 姓魏
Mulan, surnamed Wei,
一说北魏宋州人 一说隋末宋州人
might be a native of Songzhou in Northern Wei Dynasty, or a native of Songzhou in late Sui Dynasty,
今商丘虞城人
a native of Yucheng in Shangqiu today,
唐朝时 追封为“孝烈将军
In the Tang Dynasty, she was confirmed “General of Filial Piety”.
木兰祠现存元代和清代石碑两通
Mulan temple has one stone stele of Yuan Dynasty and one of Qing Dynasty,
考证了木兰的时代 家乡和事迹
which proved her times, hometown and deeds.
木兰忠孝节义
Mulan is loyal and righteous.
代父从军的英雄故事
Mulan joined the army substituting her father.
激励着无数中华儿女
Her loyalty, filial piety inspired countless Chinese people
前赴后继 保家卫国
to defend their country bravely.
唐朝开元末期
During the late Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty,
玄宗丧失求治精神
Emperor Xuanzong lost his spirit of striving for ambition.
改元天宝后
After changing the year number to Tianbao,
政治愈加腐败
the corruption increased.
公元755年
In 755 A.D.,
安史之乱爆发
the Anshi Rebellion broke out.
为打通南下通道
In order to open the southward passage,
公元757年
in 757 A.D.,
安禄山之子安庆绪
An Qingxu, An Lushan’s son,
派尹子奇率13万精兵围攻睢阳
sent Yin Ziqi to siege Suiyang with 130,000 elite soldiers,
由此展开了悲壮的睢阳城保卫战
thus the tragic defense of Suiyang City was launched.
商丘古城南 有张巡祠
To the south of the ancient Shangqiu city, there locates Zhang Xun Memorial Temple.
张巡 唐朝名将 开元末进士
Zhang Xun, a famous general of Tang dynasty, was a scholar at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.
曾任太子通事舍人 真源县令
He was once a prince shè, a magistrate of Zhenyuan,
后任雍丘防御史
and later a defense official of Yongqiu.
睢阳太守许远求救张巡
Xu Yuan, Suiyang's satrap asked Zhang Xun for help.
张巡带兵3000人进驻睢阳
Zhang Xun led 3,000 troops to Suiyang
与许远3800人合兵御敌
and Yuan’s 3,800 people to resist the enemy.
张巡 许远坚守睢阳城十个多月
Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan had held fast to Suiyang city for more than ten months.
大小战斗400多次
They fought more than 400 times,
重伤尹子奇叛军
seriously injured Yin Ziqi's rebel army.
其间 城内粮食断绝
In the meantime, the food in the city was cut off,
战马 树皮 草根全部吃光
the horses, bark and grass roots were all eaten up.
罗雀掘鼠而抗敌
Even the sparrows and mice were caught to eat.
最后 弹尽粮绝 城池沦陷
In the end, ammunition and foods were used up.
张巡 许远等36人壮烈殉国
when the city was occupied, 36 people died, including Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan.
睢阳之战 阻敌十月
The battle of Suiyang, blocked the enemy for ten months,
消耗叛军大量兵力
consumed a large number of rebel forces,
保护了东南半壁河山
and protected half of the country.
为唐王朝重整旗鼓
Thus it gained valuable time for the Tang dynasty to reorganize
平定“安史之乱”赢得了宝贵时间
and calm down the Anshi Rebellion.
安史之乱后
After the Rebellion,
唐肃宗下诏为张巡 许远立庙
Emperor Suzong set up a temple for Zhang Xunand Xu Yuan
每年祭拜
and worshiped them each year.
商丘古城西南 有开元寺
The Kaiyuan Temple is located in the southwest of the ancient Shangqiu city.
唐“开元盛世”期间
During the "heyday of Kaiyuan" in the Tang Dynasty,
玄宗下令天下广建佛寺
Emperor Xuanzong ordered people to build a large number of Buddhist temples,
于是就有了开元寺
so there was Kaiyuan Temple.
唐会昌年间
During the Huichang period of Tang Dynasty,
武宗下诏灭佛 开元寺遭焚
Emperor Wuzong issued an imperial edict to eliminate Buddhism, thus Kaiyuan Temple was burned.
宋 元 明 清 几经重修
In Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, after several refinements,
法鼓重振 僧侣云集 香火旺盛
Buddhism were revived, monks gathered and incense burned.
开元寺
Kaiyuan Temple
与商丘古城南的“八关斋”
has a deep origin with the “the Eight Commandments”
有深厚渊源
in the south of the ancient Shangqiu city.
史料记载
According to historical records,
张巡 许远殉国后
after Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan died for the country,
安史叛军又两次围困睢阳城
the Anshi rebels besieged Suiyang city twice again
都被河南节度使田神功一 一化解
but were all resolved by Tian Shengong, the governor of Henan Province.
公元772年
In 772 A.D.,
田神功积劳成疾 危在旦夕
Tian Shengong broke down from constant overwork.
宋州官吏为祈福田神功
In order to pray for him,
召集富豪乡绅
the officials of Songzhou summoned squires
在开元寺举办了一场盛大的法事
to hold a grand ritual in Kaiyuan Temple.
一时善男信女 四方云集
For a while, devout men and women,
僧侣数千 佛饭香供摆满郊野
thousands of monks gathered in all directions. Buddha's rice and incense were placed all over the countryside.
经声佛号昼夜不息
The Sutra sounded and the Buddha’s name went on day and night.
会后 唐朝大臣
After the meeting, Yan Zhenqing, a minister of the Tang Dynasty
著名书法家颜真卿
and a famous calligrapher,
撰写了《宋州八关斋会报德记》
wrote a memorial “the Report of the Eight Commandments Meeting in Songzhou”,
以示纪念 立为八棱石幢
on an octagonal pillar
置于开元寺东侧
on the east side of Kaiyuan Temple.
公元845年
In 845 A.D.,
武宗灭佛
Wuzong exterminated Buddhism,
开元寺及“八关斋”碑被毁
thus Kaiyuan Temple and the "Eight Commandments "stele were destroyed.
公元851年
In 851 A.D.,
宋州刺史崔倬命人重刻“八关斋”碑
Cui Zhuo, the governor of Songzhou, ordered people to reengrave the "Eight Commandments "stele
立于现址
and set it up on the present site.
唐朝时期
In the Tang Dynasty,
睢阳城交通便利
the transportation of Suiyang city was convenient.
古迹甚多 骚客毕至
And there were many historic sites, so many poets come to visit it .
唐天宝三年
In the third year of Tianbao, in Tang dynasty,
高适做东 陪同李白 杜甫
Gao Shi accompanied Li Bai, Du Fu as the host.
一同游览汉梁遗迹
to visit the Han Liang ruins,
在游览清泠台时
When visiting the Qingling platform,
李白写下了著名的《鸣皋歌送岑征君》
Li Bai wrote the famous poem " Song of Minggao to Cen Zhengjun”:
君不行兮何待 若反顾之黄鹤
Why not leave since you want, like the yellow crane that clings to it can't bear to fly away.
扫梁园之群英 振大雅于东洛
Your talents are superior to those gathered in Liangyuan, and your poems have shaken Dongluo area.
安史之乱结束了大唐盛世
The An and Shi rebellion ended the prosperous period of Tang Dynasty.
睢阳城历经战火荼毒
Suiyang city experienced a lot of wars,
伤痕累累 十室九空
scarred and beaten.
公元907年
In 907 A.D.,
朱温灭唐建梁 掀开五代十国篇章
Zhu Wen destroyed Tang and established Liang. Then the chapter of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was opened
睢阳城由此沉寂下来
Suiyang city has been quiet since then
静待复苏
and waiting for recovery.
“游商丘古都城，读华夏文明史” 8集专题片汉英解说词 |
赵宋南京应天府的兴衰往事
Rise and Fall of Yingtian Prefecture
第六集
Episode VI
――“游商丘古都城、读华夏文明史”之宋元篇
“A Visit to the Ancient Capital Shangqiu,an Insight into the History of Chinese Civilization”:
Song and Yuan Dynasties
当五代十国的烽火
After the beacon of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kindoms was extinguished by
被“陈桥兵变”的黄袍扑灭后
the Yellow Robe of Chenqiao Mutiny
古都商丘
the ancient capital Shangqiu,
终于走出了它近一个世纪的苦难岁月
was finally at peace, which stayed ruined for a century
拭平了安史之乱留给它的累累创伤
and once almost destroyed by An-shi Rebellion.
公元960年
In 960 A.D.
赵匡胤黄袍加身后
as the beginning place of rebellion for Zhao Kuangyin
商丘作为龙兴之地
Shangqiu had met with a glorious phase of development
迎来了北宋168年的辉煌
within 168 years of Earlier Song Dynasty.
让我们穿越千年
Even after a thousand years
去感受北宋应天府
the splendid old days of Yingtian Prefecture once described as
“车徒之轚互，冠盖之络绎”的繁华
Crowded with People and Vehiclesv is still there
探寻“先忧后乐从兹起”的源由
the origin of Plan and Worry ahead of the People, Enjoy the Fruits after the People could still be found here
公元959年
In 959 A.D.
赵匡胤擢升宋州归德节度使
Zhao Kuangyin was promoted to the military commissioner of Gui-de Prefecture in Songzhou
商丘古城东门里文庙
In Confucius Temple in Shangqiu Ancient City,
有一颗千年皂角树
there is a millennium honey locust
据传 赵匡胤曾在此拴马
It was told that Zhao Kuangyin once tied his horse here
因战马将树皮啃伤
The horse gnawed the bark so badly that
千年后树干形成了一个
after a thousand years, a huge hole was formed
可容纳数人的巨洞
which could hold several people
公元960年
In 960 A.D.
赵匡胤发动陈桥兵变
Zhao Kuangyin led Chenqiao Mutiny
夺取后周政权 建立大宋王朝
to seize political power from Later Zhou Dynasty
定都东京汴梁
establishing Song Dynasty with capital in Bianliang of Dongjing
赵匡胤念宋州是龙兴之地
Songzhou was long considered as a place of significance,
定国号曰宋
so Zhao Kuangyin named his country as Song Dynasty.
宋真宗景德三年
In the third year of Jingde ruled by Emperor Zhenzong of Song
宋州升“应天府”
Songzhou was renamed as Yingtian Prefecture
取“顺天应命”之意
which means Comply with God’s Will
八年后 诏升应天府为南京
Eight years later, Yingtian Prefecture was renamed as Nanjing
与西京洛阳 北京大名共为北宋陪都
being one of the supplementary capitals along with Luoyang and Daming
商丘古城
Ancient Capital Shangqiu
历来都有“城摞城”之说
was described as A Capital under Capital
考古发掘证实
Based on archaeological excavations
在现有的归德古城下面
under the existing Gui-de capital
至少还叠压着六座古都城
there are at least six ancient capitals
分别是商汤 都 “亳”古都城
including Dubo capital of Shang Dynasty
周朝宋国古都城
Songguo capital of Zhou Dynasty
西汉梁国睢阳城
Suiyang capital of Western Han Dynasty
隋唐治所古宋城
Song City of Sui and Tang Dynasties
北宋陪都南京应天府城
Yingtian Prefecture of Earlier Song Dynasty and
元朝至明弘治十五年的归德府旧城
ancient Gui-de Capital once flourishing from Yuan Dynasty to the fifteenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty
史料记载
According to historical records
北宋应天府
the Yingtian Prefecture
宫城周二里三百一十六步
was described as Three Hundred and Six Steps
京城周回一十五里四十步
to Imperial Palace and Forty Steps to Capital.
《宋会要辑稿》称
Imperial Edicts and Documents in Song Dynasty said that
“实一方之都会也”
it is actually a prosperous capital
商丘古城南35公里 有包公庙镇
Baogong Temple Town is 35 kilometers south of the ancient capital Shangqiu
宋庆历六年
In the sixth year of Qingli in Song Dynasty
天大旱 包拯沿汴河赈灾
Bao Zheng was on his way to Bianhe River for the drought relief
途经永定 饥民拦轿喊冤
he was stopped by the hungry masses in Yongding
包拯惩贪除恶
As a result, Bao Zheng punished corrupt officials
勒令官吏豪绅开仓放粮 活民无数
and ordered them to open the granary-grain for people
宋州百姓感其德
Therefore, People in Songzhou built a memorial temple for Bao Zheng
在拦轿处立祠以祀 人称“包公庙”
in the place he stopped, called Baogong Temple
虞城县界沟镇包河北岸
On the north of Baohe, Jiegou Town, Yucheng County
有包公晾米台。
There is a rice-drying tower proposed by Bao Zheng
相传 包拯沿汴河运送灾粮
Legend says when Bao Zheng was on his way to sent food for the drought relief
至界沟附近 雨如瓢泼 粮米全湿
the cereals and rice carried were soaked by the pouring rain
于是 包拯下令在汴河北岸筑台
Hence, he asked to build a tower on the north of Bianhe River
晾晒粮米
to dry cereals and rice
后人在此立碑纪念
Since then, a monument was built there
起名“包公晾米台”
which was named as Rice-drying Tower
“汴河”遂改名为“包河”
Bianhe River was changed to Baohe
商丘古城东南湖畔
In the southeast of the lake of Shangqiu
有一处古色古香的建筑群
located a group of architectures full of antique beauty
这就是北宋四大书院之首的
which was the first of the four academies in the Earlier Song Dynasty
应天书院
Yingtian Academy
应天书院 原名睢阳书院
Yingtian Academy was formerly known as Suiyang Academy
其前身为后晋杨悫创办的南都学舍
Previously it was called Nandu House founded by Yang Que of the Later Jin Dynasty
后经其弟子戚同文的发展
was developed by his disciple Qi Tongwen afterwards
培养出诸如
eventually cultivated such important ministers as
宗度 许骧 王砺等台阁重臣
Zong Du, Xu Xiang and Wang Li
宋大中祥符二年
In the second year of Dazhongxiangfu in Song Dynasty
曹诚在南都旧舍
Cao Cheng gathered many students at Nandu House
广集生徒 讲学其中 声名弥盛
to give lectures, being widely known by people
宋真宗赐“应天府书院”匾额
Emperor Zhenzong of Song awarded the plaque of Yingtian Academy to the House
由“私学”升为“官学”
which made it upgrade from private school to official school
宋大中祥符四年
In the fourth year of Dazhongxiangfu in Song Dynasty
23岁的范仲淹到应天书院就读
23-year-old Fan Zhongyan went to Yingtian Academy to study
据《宋史》记载
According to History of Song Dynasty
范仲淹在应天书院
Fan Zhongyan went to Yingtian Academy to study hard
依戚同文学 昼夜不息 冬月惫甚
day and night following the example of Qi Tongwen, In winter
以水沃面 食不给
he poured cold water on his face when felt tired of reading
至以糜粥继之
and even had to live on grue
人不能堪
However, he never complained
五年后 范仲淹中进士
Five years later, Fan Zhongyan was titled as scholar
任广德军司理参军
being Sili Canjun of Guangde Army
踏上仕途
and became a political offical ever since.
宋仁宗天圣五年
In the fifth year of Tiansheng ruled by Emperor Renzong of Song
范仲淹返商丁忧
Fan Zhongyan returned home to preside over his parents’ funeral
受应天知府
invited by the magistrate of Yingtian Prefecture
著名文学家晏殊邀请
as well as a famous litterateur, Yan Shu
主持应天书院
to manage Yingtian Academy
范仲淹日于府学之中
In the Yingtian Prefecture, Fan Zhongyan
讲习艺文 敦劝徒众
taught day by day to instruct students
四方学者辐辏
attracting more and more people to follow
两年时间 范仲淹就以
Two years later, Fan Zhongyan
“浮云我决，良玉我切”的博大胸怀
with his great mind of devotion and contribution
为北宋培养了
cultivated talents for for the Earlier Song Dynasty
王尧臣 赵鰖 张方平
such as Wang Yaochen, Zhao Tuo, Zhang Fangping
富弼 孙复 石介等才俊
Fu Bi, Sun Fu and Shi Jie etc.
其间 范仲淹写下
During this period, Fan Zhongyan completed
《上执政书》等文献
Shangzhi Zhengshu and other literatures
提出了一系列改革主张
putting forward a series of reform measures
其中《南京书院题名记》中有
In Autograph of Nanjing Academy
“博涉九流百家之说，有忧天下之心”
Learn from a Wide Range of Ideas and Concerned about People in Society
此可视为《岳阳楼记》
this sentence written can be regarded as
“先忧后乐”思想之发端
the origin of main idea of Notes of the Yueyang Tower
宋仁宗庆历三年
In the third year of Qingli ruled by Emperor Renzong of Song
范仲淹主导的以整顿吏治为中心的
the Qingli Reforms, centered on official rectification led by Fan Zhongyan
“庆历新政”得以实施。
was implemented.
后新政失败
Since the failure of Reforms
范仲淹被贬邓州
Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Deng Zhou
北宋靖康二年（1127年）
In the second year of Jingkang of Earlier Song Dynasty (1127 A.D.)
都城汴京被金军攻破
the capital Bianjing was conquered by the Jin Army
百万军民惨遭屠杀
Millions of soldiers and civilians were slaughtered
汴京城内
there
积累百余年的财富和文化典籍等
Wealth and cultural classics accumulated more than 100 years
被掳掠一空
were looted with nothing left
这就是在中原汉民族心灵史中
Which is the most humiliated shame for Han people
烙下惨痛记忆的“靖康之耻”
long remember as Jingkang Disgrace
同年五月
In May of the same year
徽宗九子 康王赵构在应天府即位
Zhao Gou, Lord Kang as well as the ninth son of Emperor Huizong ascended the throne in Yingtian Prefecture
建立南宋
and established the Southern Song Dynasty
不久 赵构迁都江南
Soon after, Zhao Gou moved his capital to the south of the Yangtze River
包括应天学子在内的南迁士人
Scholars from the north, including those from Yingtian Academy
很快为南方地区带来了
had brought prosperity
经济 教育 文化 科技的繁荣
in economy, education, culture and science and technology
自南宋始
Since the Southern Song Dynasty
江南开始超越北方
regions south of the Yangtze River began to surpass the north
成为中国经济文化的重心
becoming the center of China’s economy and culture
“游商丘古都城，读华夏文明史” 8集专题片汉英解说词 |
归德府八大家七大户的风云沉浮
Ups and Downs of Eight Large Families and Seven Major Households in Gui-de Prefecture
第七集
Episode 7
――“游商丘古都城、读华夏文明史”之明清篇
“A Visit to the Ancient Capital of Shangqiu, an Insight into the History of Chinese Civilization”
in Ming and Qing Dynasties
如果说
If we say,
中国历史是一幅灿烂辉煌的壮丽画卷
Chinese history is a splendid picture,
那么
then,
明清时期的归德府城
Gui-de Prefecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
一定是其中斑斓多姿的精彩片段
must be a colorful and wonderful fragment among it.
如果说华夏文明
If we say, Chinese civilization
是一支气势恢宏的交响乐曲
is a magnificent symphony,
那么
then,
明清时期的归德府城
Gui-de Prefecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
一定是其中令人荡气回肠的
must be a brilliant
动人乐章
and moving piece of music in it.
明弘治十五年（1502年）
In the fifteenth year of Ming Hongzhi’s reign (1502),
归德府旧城湮没于黄河洪水之下
the old city of Gui-de Prefecture was obliterated under the flood of the Yellow River.
正德六年开始大规模重建
In the sixth year of Zhengde, large-scale reconstruction was started.
后加筑城门楼 垛口
After that, the city gate tower and crenel were added.
嘉靖十九年
In the nineteenth year of Jiajing,
形成了城墙 城湖 城堤三位一体
a trinity was formed, with city walls, city lakes and city embankments,
外圆内方
shaped as a square hole inside a circle,
犹如一枚巨大古钱币的独特格局
establishing a pattern of a huge ancient coin.
这就是我们现在看到的商丘古城
This is the ancient city of Shangqiu we can see now.
古城周长3.6公里
The perimeter of the ancient city is 3.6 kilometers.
有东西南北四门
There are four gates in it: East, West, South and North Gate.
南门称拱阳门
The South Gate is called Gong Yang Men,
取奉太阳之意
demonstrating the worshiping of the Sun;
北门称拱辰门
the North Gate is called Gong Chen Men,
取拱北斗之意
manifesting the worshiping of the Big Dipper;
东门称宾阳门
the East Gate is called Bin Yang Men,
取迎佳宾如朝阳之意
indicating greeting the guests like welcoming the rising sun;
西门称垤泽门
and the West Gate is called Die Ze Men,
取阏伯 睢水泽福之意
with the sense of Mr. Ebo and blessing of the Sui water.
明朝正德至清初百余年间
During the more than 100 years, from Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty to the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,
归德府城人才辈出
there were many talented people in Gui-de Prefecture.
居住在城内的“八大家”“七大户”
“Eight Large Families” and “Seven Major Households” have lived in the city.
均声名显赫
Members of them were all prominent.
商丘古城西6公里有沈鲤墓
Six kilometers west of the ancient city of Shangqiu, there is the tomb of Shen Li.
沈鲤曾官至文渊阁大学士
Shen Li had once been the official “Great Scholar of Wen Yuan Ge”.
一生刚直不阿
He was upright in his lifetime.
万历皇帝赞其
Emperor Wanli praised him like this,
“乾坤正气，伊洛真儒”
“With justice and righteousness, he was a true Confucian”.
宋氏家族中的宋纁 宋权 宋荦
Song Xun, Song Quan, and Song Luo of the Song Family
皆明清留名青史的朝臣
were all courtiers who went down in history in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
商丘古城西北12公里有宋纁墓
12 kilometers northwest of the ancient city of Shangqiu, lies Song Xun’s Tomb.
宋纁官至明朝户部
In the Ming Dynasty, Song Xun had once been the Minister of Revenue
礼部尚书
and the Minister of Rites.
一生恪尽职守 匡扶社稷
He devoted his whole life to his duties and the helping of the country.
是肩比包拯 海瑞的一代廉吏
Being an honest and upright official, his reputation is similar as that of Bao Zheng and Hai Rui.
商丘古城北门城楼上有一块石碑
There is a stone tablet on the North Gate Tower of the ancient city of Shangqiu,
上书“清德”二字
with the words “Qing De” written on it.
系康熙为宋荦题写
It was inscribed by Kangxi for Song Luo--
“清德堂”匾额的残留部分
the remnant of the plaque of “Qing De Tang”.
宋荦任江宁巡抚14年间
During the 14 years when Song Luo was appointed Governor of Jiangning,
江南一派祥和
there was peace in the south of the Yangtze River.
康熙赞其“清廉为天下巡抚第一”
Kangxi praised him as “The most honest and upright governor in the world”.
商丘古城刘隅首向东十余米
More than ten meters east of Liu Crossing in the ancient city of Shangqiu,
有两处静穆素雅的四合院
there are two quiet and elegant quadrangle courtyards.
路北是侯恂故居“尚书府”
To the north of the road is Hou Xun’s former residence “Shang Shu Fu”.
路南是侯方域故居“壮悔堂”
To the south is Hou Fangyu’s former residence “Zhuang Hui Tang”.
侯恂曾官至明朝户部尚书
Hou Xun was once appointed as Minister of Revenue in the Ming Dynasty.
侯方域 是侯恂的儿子
Hou Fangyu, Hou Xun’s son,
明末清初诗文大家
was a great poet in the late Ming and early Qing period.
因主持“雪苑社”誉满全国
He was well-known throughout the country for hosting the “Xue Yuan She”.
明崇祯末年
In the last year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty,
侯方域赴南京科考
Hou Fangyu went to Nanjing for Imperial Civil Examination,
结识了“秦淮八艳”之一的歌伎
where he met a Kabuki who was one of the “Eight Beauties in Qinhuai”,
李香君
Li Xiangjun.
香君虽身在青楼
Although Xiangjun was in the brothel,
却能以家国为念
she loved her homeland,
支持侯方域挽明抗清
and supported Hou Fangyu to resist Qing and rescue Ming Dynasty.
侯方域离开南京后
After Hou Fangyu left Nanjing,
漕运总督田仰逼香君做妾
the Governor of Water Transport, Tian Yang, forced Xiangjun to be his concubine.
香君誓死不从
Xiangjun would rather die than yield.
血溅侯方域赠送的定情纸扇
Her blood splashed onto the paper fan presented by Hou Fangyu, which was their love token.
后来 侯方域的好友杨龙友
Later, Yang Longyou, a good friend of Hou Fangyu,
在斑斑血迹的纸扇上
on the bloodstained paper fan,
勾勒出折枝桃花
sketched peach blossoms over broken branches.
这就是传说中的“桃花扇”
This was the legendary “Peach Blossom Fan”.
也是四大名剧之一
One of the four famous plays,
《桃花扇》的故事来源
Peach Blossom Fan, was based on this story.
入清后
After entering the Qing Dynasty,
侯方域参加科考
Hou Fangyu participated in the Imperial Civil Examination.
为时人所讥
He was ridiculed by people.
清顺治二年
In the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty,
28岁的侯方域回归德隐居
Hou Fangyu, aged 28, returned to Gui-de and lived in seclusion.
至35岁
At the age of 35,
回想自己的坎坷遭遇
thinking about the frustrations he had encountered,
事业一无所成 悔恨不已
he was filled with remorse, for nothing had been achieved in his life career.
便将其书房取名为“壮悔堂”
Thus he named his study “Zhuang Hui Tang”,
取壮年后悔之意
with an indication of regretting in his prime of life.
在这里
Here,
完成了他的两部文集
he completed his two anthologies,
《壮悔堂文集》和《四忆堂诗集》明志
“Zhuang Hui Tang Anthology” and “Si Yi Tang Poems”, to reveal his ambitions.
相传
According to legend,
侯方域离开南京后
after Hou Fangyu left Nanjing,
香君郁郁而死
Xiangjun died in depression.
临死前
Before her death,
托人将血染的桃花扇转交给侯方域
the bloodstained peach blossom fan was entrusted to Hou Fangyu.
侯方域见扇悲痛万分
When Hou Fangyu saw the fan, he was extremely distressed.
祭文曰
As described in his elegiac address,
“卿含恨而死，夫惭愧终生”
“When you died with hatred, your husband was ashamed for life.”
清顺治十一年
In the eleventh year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty,
37岁的侯方域
Hou Fangyu, aged 37,
因悲愤国事和思念香君
due to grief and indignation for national affairs and longing for Xiangjun,
不幸染病身亡
died of illness.
商丘古城东门里有陈家大院
Inside the ancient city of Shangqiu, courtyard of the Chen Family lies near the East Gate.
陈家大院早年是侯府东园
In the early years, courtyard of the Chen Family was the East Garden of Hou Mansion.
侯方域的好友陈贞慧去世后
After the death of Hou Fangyu’s good friend, Chen Zhenhui,
次子陈宗石到归德府投亲
Chen’s second son, Chen Zongshi, went to Gui-de Prefecture to join the family.
入赘侯家
Then he married into the Hou Family,
东园即是侯家的陪嫁
while East Garden was the dowry of the Hou Family.
侯府东园就变成了陈家大院
From then on, East Garden of Hou Mansion became courtyard of the Chen Family.
后来 陈宗石中了进士
Later, Chen Zongshi became Jinshi.
两子皆任御史
Both of his sons were Yushi.
后连续四代出了五个翰林
Then in four successive generations, five Hanlin appeared in the family.
明清时期
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,
归德府不仅儒学成风
Confucianism was prevalent in Gui-de Prefecture,
民族宗教也十分兴盛
the national religion was also very prosperous.
民权县白云寺是中原四大名寺之一
Baiyun Temple in Minquan County is one of the four famous temples in the area of central plains.
相传
According to legend,
康熙两下白云寺
Kangxi had been to Baiyun Temple twice,
寻找出家的父亲顺治
searching for his father, Shunzhi, who was a monk.
留下“當堂常赏”四个大字
Four characters, “Dang Tang Chang Shang”, were left at the temple,
取将“田土巾贝”赏赐僧众之意
with the wish to reward the monks with “field, soil, cloth and money” .
寺内有“铁锅槐”
In the temple, there is a “Pagoda Tree” that grows out of an iron pot,
堪称一大奇观
which can be called a great spectacle.
这是一座令人匪夷所思的古城
This is an incredible ancient city,
城池建了毁 毁了建
which has been built and destroyed, then rebuilt.
人们敬畏它的厚重
People are in awe of its dignity,
敬畏它的博大
its greatness,
敬畏它的坚韧
and its tenacity.
它以特殊的语言
In a special language,
诉说着自身的沧桑
it speaks of its vicissitudes
并静候现代红色篇章的到来
and awaits the arrival of modern prosperity.
“游商丘古都城，读华夏文明史” 8集专题片汉英解说词 |
解放战争中军事重镇的红色记忆
The Red memory as a military town in war times.
第八集
Episode 8
――“游商丘古都城、读华夏文明史”之现代篇
“A Visit to the Ancient Capital of Shangqiu, an Insight into the History of Chinese Civilization”: The Modern Part
从史前 夏商 春秋战国
From prehistory
秦汉 隋唐 宋元 明清一路走来
to the Qing dynasty,
当历史的车轮驶进20世纪
when it came to the 20th century,
具有“江淮门户”之称的商丘
Shangqiu as the “Gateway of Yangtze-Huaihe Region”,
其军事战略地位愈发突出
with the rise of its prominent,
在抗日战争特别是解放战争中
was where the magnificent red war songs ring
一曲曲气势恢宏的红色战歌骤然响起
during the Anti-Japanese War and the Revolutionary war.
睢县城北两公里
Two kilometers north of Suixian County,
有睢杞战役烈士陵园
is the Sui-Qi campaign martyrs cemetery.
睢杞战役是淮海战役的前奏
The Sui-Qi campaign was the prelude of the Huai-Hai campaign.
1948年6月27日至7月6日
From June 27 to July 6, 1948,
粟裕指挥华东野战军
Su Yu commanded the East China Field Army
在睢县 杞县境内
to annihilate the corps
全歼区寿年兵团和黄伯韬兵团5万余人
of Ou Shounian and Huang Baitao with over 50,000 people,
彻底打乱了国民党军的中原防御体系
and completely disrupted the central defense system of the Kuomintang army.
1980年睢杞战役纪念馆落成
When the Sui-Qi Campaign Memorial Museum was completed in 1980,
叶飞将军题写了
Ye Fei wrote a line for it:
“睢杞战役英灵永垂千古”十个大字
“the spirit of The Sui-Qi Campaign will last forever”.
在烈士陵园内
In the martyrs cemetery,
有一座无名烈士墓。
there is a grave of unknown martyrs.
1984年5月
In May ,1984,
粟裕将军的部分骨灰
part of Su Yu’s ashes
就撒在了墓前的这个花坛里
were scattered in the parterre in front of the grave.
永城市东北25公里
25 kilometers northeast of Yongcheng City,
有陈官庄淮海战役纪念馆
is the Chenguanzhuang Memorial Museum of the Huaihai Campaign.
当淮海战役进行到第二三阶段
On the second and third phase of the Huai-hai Campaign,
中野 华野两大野战军
260,000 Kuomintang troops were besieged
将26万国民党部队
by the Central Plains Field Army
压缩在以陈官庄为中心
and East China Field Army
东西不足10公里
in a small region of
南北不足8公里的狭小地区
Chenguanzhuang.
1949年1月6日发起总攻
On January 6, 1949,the PLA launched the general attack against Du Yuming Group.
经过4昼夜激战
After four days and nights of fierce fighting
活捉徐州“剿总”副司令杜聿明
Du Yuming, Vice Commander-in-chief of the “Bandit Suppression” Headquarters in Xuzhou, was captured.
击毙敌第二兵团司令邱清泉
Qiu Qingquan, Commander of the 2nd Corps got killed.
取得了淮海战役的彻底胜利。
The PLA had win the complete victory in the Huaihai Campaign.
1978年
In 1978，
“陈官庄淮海战役烈士陵园”落成
the Chenguangzhuang martyrs cemetery of the Huai-hai Campaign was completed。
这座花岗岩烈士纪念碑
On this monument
上刻周恩来总理手书
is the 8 words inscription in Zhou Enlai’s handwriting, which reads
“淮海英雄永垂千古”八个大字
"the Heroes of the Huaihai Campaign will last forever".
睢阳区闫集镇张菜园村
The former site of the General Front Committee of the Huai-Hai Campaign
有淮海战役总前敌委员会
and the headquarters of the Central Plains Field Army
中原野战军司令部旧址
lies at Zhang Caiyuan Village, Yanji Town, Suiyang District, Shangqiu.
1948年12月31日
On December 31, 1948,
总前委由安徽宿县
the Committee moved from Suxian County, Anhui Province
迁至战役前沿张菜园村
to the forefront - Zhangcaiyuan Village.
邓小平 陈毅 刘伯承在这里
Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi and Liu Bocheng
指挥了淮海战役第三阶段的战斗
commanded the third phase of the Huai-Hai Campaign here.
可以想象
One can imagine
在这个普通的院落里
In this common courtyard,
the Committee devised strategies
总前委运筹帷幄 决胜千里
the Committee devised strategies won battles thousands of miles away,
是何等的英雄气魄
what a heroic spirit!
商丘古城北约1公里
There are several foreign-style buildings
有几座洋楼式建筑。
one kilometer north of the ancient city of Shangqiu.
这几座洋楼
These belonged to
是1912年加拿大籍牧师
the St. Paul’s Hospital,
威廉·怀特创办的圣保罗医院
founded by Canadian reverend William White in 1912.
1948年11月6日
On November 6, 1948,
商丘解放 淮海战役开始
Shangqiu was liberated and the Huai-Hai Campaign began.
总前委后勤机关和商丘百姓
The logistics department and the people
在这里组织了大量战时物资
organized a large number of wartime materials here
有力地支援了前线战斗
and effectively supported battles.
商丘古城南门里
In the south gate of the ancient city
有中原局扩大会议秘书处旧址
is the former site of the enlarged meeting Secretariat of the Central Plains Bureau.
在旧址不远
Not far from the former site
有一个坐南朝北的西方教堂式建筑
is a western church architecture facing south.
1949年1月29日至31日
From January 29 to 31, 1949,
邓小平同志在这里主持了召开了
Deng Xiaoping host the enlarged meeting here,
中原局扩大会议
summed up the experience of the campaign
总结了淮海战役经验
and studied the strategies
研究了渡江作战方案
for crossing the Yangtze river.
夏邑县城东北八里庄村
In the Balizhuang Village, northeast of Xiayi County,
有彭雪枫将军纪念馆。
lies the Peng Xuefeng Memorial Museum.
彭雪枫将军
Peng Xuefeng
是工农红军 新四军
was an outstanding commander and strategist
杰出的指挥员和军事家
of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the New fourth Army.
1944年9月11日
On September 11, 1944,
在歼灭夏邑八里庄顽军李光明支队时
to annihilate the stubborn army of Li Guangming in Balizhuang, Xiayi,
以身殉国 时年37岁
he sacrificed himself at age 37.
永城市芒山镇有鲁雨亭故居
The Former Residence of Lu Yuting lies in Mangshan town, Yongcheng city.
鲁雨亭 永城市人
Lu Yuting, born in Yongcheng City,
开辟夏永砀抗日根据地
opened up the Anti-Japanese Base Area of Xiayi, Yongcheng and Dangshan.
1940年4月1日
On April 1, 1940,
率部在芒砀山李黑楼阵地
while leading his troops against the Japanese army
与日军激战时
at Liheilou battlefield in Mangdang Mountain,
英勇殉国 时年41岁
he died bravely at 41.
商丘古城北约16公里
16 kilometers north of the ancient city
有毛主席视察黄楼纪念馆
is the Museum in memory of Chairman Mao’s inspecting Huanglou .
1958年8月8日
On August 8, 1958,
毛泽东主席视察了
Mao Zedong inspected
原商丘县道口乡黄楼村
the Huanglou Village, Daokou Town, the former Shangqiu County.
1968年地方政府
The local government
修建了毛主席视察黄楼纪念馆
built the Memorial Museum in 1968.
商丘古城东门里
In the east gate of the ancient city
有工业遗产园
is an industrial heritage park.
这里是20世纪六七十年代
Here was the workshops of
商丘县针织内衣厂
the knitted underwear factory
毛纺厂的生产车间
and woolen factory in Shangqiu County from 1960s to 1970s.
这些标语 口号 建筑
These posters, slogans and buildings
带有明显的时代痕迹
have obvious traces of time.
商丘古城
The ancient Shangqiu
是一座富有传奇色彩的古城
is a legendary city,
看得见的
what can be seen
是他五百年历经沧桑的今生
is its weather-stained present life,
看不见的
and what can not be seen
则是他五千年绵延不绝的前世
is its past continuous life.
莫道风华当年老
Don’t say the ancient city is too old,
洗却沧桑正少年
With the trace of time removed, it is still young!
伴随着新时代的鸣镝
With the whistle of the new era,
一座崭新的商丘古城
a brand-new ancient city of Shangqiu
正满载着我们
is taking us
驶向更加辉煌的未来
to a more brilliant future.
